Perhaps, an elevated ages otherwise studies variation you are going to deteriorate the brand new wife’s reputation from the marital home
We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Table 4 Connection anywhere between dowry/bride to be speed (paid off because of the in-rules off sisters, others on the community and people) and you will wife’s standing on the relationship home (OLS)
cuatro.step three Conversation and you will robustness monitors
Inside the choosing the fresh women’s position on marital household, the end result of your own net dowry (dowry minus fiance speed) will get count. Brand new estimate procedure is constant of the substitution dowry and bride to be rates that have websites dowry (Appendix Dining table 9, Committee A good). Keep in mind that the level of deferred mehr is roofed individually away from the internet dowry since previous is not reduced unless separation and divorce happen and cannot qualify assets introduced to your matrimony. The outcomes advise that the fresh new assets introduced into the ount) promote their choice-while making electricity and you will autonomy. These types of confident contacts aren’t stunning as the new associations off fiance rates reduced during marriage work on restrict so you can that from dowry in the primary estimations.
Together with years variation in addition to training huge difference (substitution the partner’s years and you may training) does not impact the main outcomes, while the coefficients of them details are not significant (Appendix Desk nine, Panel B).
You to might argue that just how many many years since the wedding try important since the effect regarding dowry (otherwise bride-to-be speed) might be higher after marriage. Also decades just like the ount away from dowry (replacement woman’s years during the wedding) magnifies the bottom effect of dowry for the ladies autonomy but decrease its magnitude and benefits level in ladies decision making (Appendix Table nine, Panel C). What this means is one a much bigger dowry escalates the wife’s freedom during the the marital house after relationships; Hjemmeside however, this new association is not notably affected by the new passage of years while the relationship.
No measure of gender ideology is roofed in the primary quote because of endogeneity issues. One to might believe introduction of these tips could possibly get weaken the association ranging from dowry and you may women’s condition regarding the relationship home. Although we dont refuse the chance that choice and you may ideological viewpoints regarding the gender relations commonly built-in and alter along the relationship existence, the brand new estimation process is actually frequent of the also a few measures to have child preference: the first changeable means that when the wife’s most useful level of sons is higher than compared to daughters and 2nd equals you to in the event that partner desires to provide higher education to sons in lieu of so you can daughters. Controlling to own gender ideology will not drastically affect the head estimation show (Appendix Table 9, Panel D). Remarkably, ladies’ decision-making is undoubtedly associated with son liking. not, it’s negatively from the taste to possess getting higher education in order to sons as compared with daughters. A prospective interpretation would be the fact highly experienced female are up against gender inequality inside the degree and get a whole lot more motivated in the marital house however, like with more sons than just daughters. That it appears consistent with some established education exhibiting that son taste is much more prevalent certainly one of highly educated female unlike uneducated female inside South China (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and you can Preston 1991).